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HarvestBench

Leafy greens & brassicas · Overview

How to Grow Lettuce

Lettuce is a cool-season crop that earns its keep in spring and fall raised beds. Heat and drought make it bitter and send it to flower.

Key growing facts for Lettuce
Spacing4–6 in for leaf types; 10–12 in for heads
SoilLoose, compost-rich, even moisture
SunlightFull sun in cool weather; afternoon shade in heat
Planting depthSurface to ¼ inch; light helps some types germinate
WaterSteady; never bone-dry
Days to harvestLeaf mixes 30–45 days; heads 50–70

Soil requirements

  • A 6–8 inch depth can work; 10–12 inches buffers moisture.
  • High nitrogen from lots of compost grows tender leaves. That is appropriate here.

Watering

  • Shallow roots dry out in raised beds. Mulch lightly once seedlings are up.
  • Water in the morning so leaves dry.

Sunlight

Spring and fall: full sun. Summer: shade cloth or a north-side planting beside taller crops.

Planting

  • Sow successive small pinches every 1–2 weeks instead of one giant row.
  • In heat, germinate in a cooler spot or pre-chill seed if your variety needs it.

Spacing

  • Leaf lettuce: 4–6 inches, or 9–16 per square foot.
  • Head lettuce: 10–12 inches, about 1 per square.

Common problems

  • Bolting

    Long days and heat trigger flowers. Harvest earlier, choose bolt-resistant types, provide shade.

  • Slugs

    More of a problem in wet, mulched beds. Hand-pick; avoid slug bait not labeled for food gardens.

Helpful tools

  • Row cover or shade cloth in season
  • Watering can with a fine rose

Product links will be added when independently researched. See the garden tools hub for buying criteria.

Frequently asked questions

Can I grow lettuce in summer?

In many US regions only with shade, frequent water, and heat-tolerant varieties. Fall sowings are often easier.