Soil requirements
- Brassicas are hungry. Compost plus a measured fertilizer if a soil test or pale leaves say so.
Watering
- Never let a raised bed go dusty while heads are forming.
Sunlight
Full sun in cool weather. Heat plus sun makes tiny heads that flower.
Planting
- Transplant 2–4 weeks before the last frost for spring, and in midsummer for fall.
- Cut the main head with a few inches of stem; leave the plant for side shoots.
Spacing
- 18 inches is the practical default. Closer spacing makes smaller heads.
Common problems
Cabbage worms
Row cover from day one, or inspect undersides of leaves.
Buttoning
Tiny heads from stress: cold check, heat, or drought after transplant.
Helpful tools
- Row cover
- Sharp knife
Product links will be added when independently researched. See the garden tools hub for buying criteria.
Frequently asked questions
Why did my broccoli flower?
You waited too long, or heat hit. Heads should be tight. Once yellow flowers open, flavor fades fast.